Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Putative Prebiotics Can Disrupt 3D Architecture and Modulate the Microbial Population to Prevent Cariogenic Biofilm Build-Up In Vitro

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c11573

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biomass of S. mutans biofilms exposed to distinct concentrations of the tested substances and controls. Biomass was inferred from the crystal violet staining assay by measuring the OD at 570 nm. Data are means, and the error bars correspond to 95% confidence interval (CI) ( n = 12). The asterisks (****) correspond to p ≤ 0.0001 (ANOVA one-way, followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test). GlcNAc: N -acetyl- d -glucosamine; ARG: arginine; PRO: proline; Control: no substance.

Article Snippet: The strains S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610), A. naeslundii ATCC 12104, and S. gordonii DL-1 stocks (at −75 °C in tryptic soy broth plus 20% glycerol) were plated on blood agar plates (37 °C, 10% CO 2 , 48 h).

Techniques: Staining, Comparison, Control

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Putative Prebiotics Can Disrupt 3D Architecture and Modulate the Microbial Population to Prevent Cariogenic Biofilm Build-Up In Vitro

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c11573

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of tested substances on pH of spent media in S. mutans (A) and mixed-species ( S. mutans , S. gordonii , and A. naeslundii ) (B) biofilms. Data are means, and the error bars correspond to 95% CI. The asterisk (*) represents p ≤ 0.05 for arginine versus all other groups, while the number sign ( # ) represents p ≤ 0.05 for GlcNAc (ANOVA two-way, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test). Control: no substance.

Article Snippet: The strains S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610), A. naeslundii ATCC 12104, and S. gordonii DL-1 stocks (at −75 °C in tryptic soy broth plus 20% glycerol) were plated on blood agar plates (37 °C, 10% CO 2 , 48 h).

Techniques: Comparison, Control

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Putative Prebiotics Can Disrupt 3D Architecture and Modulate the Microbial Population to Prevent Cariogenic Biofilm Build-Up In Vitro

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c11573

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of tested substances on S. mutans and mixed-species ( S. mutans , S. gordonii , and A. naeslundii ) biofilms. The figure depicts the viable bacterial population (CFU/biofilm), and the biomass (dry weight: mg/biofilm). The upper graphs represent the data from S. mutans biofilms (A,B), while the bottom graphs represent the data from mixed-species biofilms (C,D). Data are means, and the error bars correspond to 95% CI. The asterisk represents statistical difference for depicted comparisons (**** p ≤ 0.0001; *** p ≤ 0.001; ** p ≤ 0.01; * p ≤ 0.05; ANOVA one-way, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test for (A–C); ANOVA two-way, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test for (D)). Control: no substance.

Article Snippet: The strains S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610), A. naeslundii ATCC 12104, and S. gordonii DL-1 stocks (at −75 °C in tryptic soy broth plus 20% glycerol) were plated on blood agar plates (37 °C, 10% CO 2 , 48 h).

Techniques: Comparison, Control

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Putative Prebiotics Can Disrupt 3D Architecture and Modulate the Microbial Population to Prevent Cariogenic Biofilm Build-Up In Vitro

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c11573

Figure Lengend Snippet: Microcolonies count (A) and total area occupied (B) in S. mutans single-species and mixed-species biofilms exposed to tested substances. The plotted data represent averages of counts and occupied area of biofilms at 67 h, and error bars indicate 95% CI ( n = 6 per biofilm). The asterisk represents statistical difference for depicted comparisons (**** p ≤ 0.0001; *** p ≤ 0.001; ** p ≤ 0.01; * p ≤ 0.05; ANOVA two-way, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test). Control: no substance.

Article Snippet: The strains S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610), A. naeslundii ATCC 12104, and S. gordonii DL-1 stocks (at −75 °C in tryptic soy broth plus 20% glycerol) were plated on blood agar plates (37 °C, 10% CO 2 , 48 h).

Techniques: Comparison, Control

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Putative Prebiotics Can Disrupt 3D Architecture and Modulate the Microbial Population to Prevent Cariogenic Biofilm Build-Up In Vitro

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c11573

Figure Lengend Snippet: Profiles of the distribution of exopolysaccharides and bacteria in S. mutans single-species biofilms exposed to tested substances. The data represent the mean percentage of coverage per area, ranging from the interface of the HA disc-biofilm to the outer layer of each biofilm at 67 h (error bars indicate 95% CI; n = 6 images per biofilm). The vertical line serves as a guide to compare the tested substances with the control, which contains no substance. Control: no substance.

Article Snippet: The strains S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610), A. naeslundii ATCC 12104, and S. gordonii DL-1 stocks (at −75 °C in tryptic soy broth plus 20% glycerol) were plated on blood agar plates (37 °C, 10% CO 2 , 48 h).

Techniques: Bacteria, Control

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Putative Prebiotics Can Disrupt 3D Architecture and Modulate the Microbial Population to Prevent Cariogenic Biofilm Build-Up In Vitro

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c11573

Figure Lengend Snippet: Architecture of S. mutans biofilms exposed to tested substances. Representative 3-D renderings of biofilms at 67 h of development. Green represents bacterial cells labeled with SYTO 9, and red represents the exopolysaccharides stained with Alexa Fluor 647-labeled dextran conjugate. The imaging was performed using a Zeiss LSM 780 AxioObserver microscope equipped with a 20×/0.5 objective lens. The larger image in each set represents the overlaid red and green channels. The scale bar corresponds to 50 μm. Control: no substance.

Article Snippet: The strains S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610), A. naeslundii ATCC 12104, and S. gordonii DL-1 stocks (at −75 °C in tryptic soy broth plus 20% glycerol) were plated on blood agar plates (37 °C, 10% CO 2 , 48 h).

Techniques: Labeling, Staining, Imaging, Microscopy, Control

Journal: ACS Omega

Article Title: Putative Prebiotics Can Disrupt 3D Architecture and Modulate the Microbial Population to Prevent Cariogenic Biofilm Build-Up In Vitro

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c11573

Figure Lengend Snippet: Biovolume of exopolysaccharides and bacteria in S. mutans single-species and mixed-species biofilms exposed to the tested substances. Biovolumes are represented as the biomasses (μm 3 /μm 2 ) of bacteria and exopolysaccharides for S. mutans (A) and mixed-species (B) biofilms at 67 h. These data were used to determine the ratio of bacterial biomass (biovolume) to exopolysaccharides (C). The plotted data represent averages, and error bars indicate 95% CI ( n = 6 per biofilm). The asterisk represents statistical difference for depicted comparisons (**** p ≤ 0.0001; *** p ≤ 0.001; ** p ≤ 0.01; ANOVA two-way, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test). Control: no substance.

Article Snippet: The strains S. mutans UA159 (ATCC 700610), A. naeslundii ATCC 12104, and S. gordonii DL-1 stocks (at −75 °C in tryptic soy broth plus 20% glycerol) were plated on blood agar plates (37 °C, 10% CO 2 , 48 h).

Techniques: Bacteria, Comparison, Control